主要技术：包括细胞疫苗、分子疫苗、抗肿瘤抗体、过继免疫疗法、细胞因子疗法等。

These nanodrones are made to harness the power of pure killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial function in the body's immune reaction against tumors. By directing these NK cells specifically towards the websites of tumors, the nanodrones can efficiently concentrate the immune system's assault over the most cancers cells, perhaps leading to much better results for clients.[270]

Cancers comprise a large relatives of ailments that contain abnormal cell expansion Together with the potential to invade or unfold to other elements of your body.

The afflicted genes are divided into two wide classes. Oncogenes are genes that promote cell development and copy. Tumor suppressor genes are genes that inhibit mobile division and survival. Malignant transformation can happen in the formation of novel oncogenes, the inappropriate over-expression of ordinary oncogenes, or via the below-expression or disabling of tumor suppressor genes.

相較於遺傳性的基因缺陷，生活方式對於癌症的發生並沒有決定性的影響，這是很重要的一個觀念，現今所謂的危險因子，雖然都是經過流行病學的嚴謹分析而得出的結論，但是科學的結論必須要在嚴格的條件控制之下才會成立。雖然抽菸的確會提高罹患肺癌的機率，但直到目前為止，醫學上仍舊無法精確的定義出抽菸的量，或是幾歲開始抽，一定會引起肺癌。每個人在基因上的不同，使得每個人對不同物質的反應都不相同。所以並沒有所謂絕對健康的生活方式，坊間許多生機飲食和眾多號稱防癌的健康食品，所能得到的效果並不大。不需要杞人憂天的飲食及生活，即使是癌症病患，只要保持正常生活，適當補充養分即可。但是有些高危險因子是所有人都應該要小心避免的，例如抽菸、喝酒、進食快餐和嚼檳榔等。

中医治疗癌症在我国由来已久，常用治法包括扶正培本法、清热解毒法、活血化瘀法、软坚散结法。

戒烟。如果您抽烟，请戒烟。如果您不吸烟，请勿开始抽烟。抽烟与多种癌症有关，而不仅仅是肺癌。立即停止吸烟会降低您将来患癌症的风险。

Epigenetic alterations take place usually in cancers. For example, just one review listed protein coding genes that were usually altered of their methylation in association with colon cancer.

Genetic variations can occur at different stages and by unique mechanisms. The get or lack of an entire chromosome can come about via glitches in mitosis. Much more widespread are mutations, that are improvements during the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA.

免疫療法是利用人體內的免疫機制來對抗腫瘤細胞。已經有許多對抗癌症的免疫療法在研究中。目前較有進展的就是癌症疫苗療法和單株抗體療法，而免疫細胞療法則是最近這幾年最新發展的治療技術。

除了切除原發性腫瘤之外，癌症的病程分期（英语：staging）也需要手術的協助。例如，確定腫瘤惡化的程度與是否發生淋巴結轉移。病程分期主要可用來推測預後和是否需要實行輔助治療（英语：adjuvant therapy）。有時手術也被用來控制症狀以減輕病人痛苦，如脊髓壓迫或腸阻塞，稱為紓緩治療。

The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, thought that all disease was the end result of chemical procedures Which acidic lymph fluid was the reason for most cancers. His contemporary Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancer was a poison that bit by bit spreads and concluded that 癌症 it absolutely was contagious.[230]

疼痛。尽管不是所有癌症都会引起疼痛，但癌症或癌症治疗会引起疼痛。药物和其他方法可以有效地治疗癌性疼痛。

Îles mondialement résetées pour leurs plages de sable blanc et leurs falaises plongeant dans des eaux turquoise